The Effect of Utilizing Powtoon on EFL Junior High School Students’ Vocabulary Achievement
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Jul 25, 2024
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Abstract
In today’s globalized world, having a robust vocabulary is crucial for language proficiency and communication skills, enabling Generation Z students to express themselves fluently and accurately in various contexts (Warschauer & Sykes, 2017). Adequate vocabulary is foundational for proficiency in speaking, reading, writing, and listening. This study investigates the impact of Powtoon on English vocabulary achievement among eighth-grade EFL students in East Java, Indonesia, due to the lack of research in this area. Employing a quasi-experimental design without random assignment, the study involved two classes of eighth-grade EFL students in Jember, Indonesia, during the 2023/2024 academic year. Convenience sampling was used based on proximity to the language lab, class schedule, and teacher recommendations. After four treatment sessions, a post-test showed that the control group’s mean score increased from 76.02 to 78.52, while the experimental group’s score, using Powtoon, rose from 78.33 to 83.70. The N-Gain score percentage increase was 57.52% for the control group and 49.83% for the experimental group. A hypothesis test resulted in a p-value of 0.085, rejecting the null hypothesis and concluding that Powtoon positively impacts students’ English vocabulary achievement.
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Erdianto, A., Putra, B. A., & Tasnim, Z. (2024). The Effect of Utilizing Powtoon on EFL Junior High School Students’ Vocabulary Achievement. Journal on Education, 7(1), 2395-2406. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v7i1.6612
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References
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Arifin, W. M., Ariyani, A., & Faradiba, S. (2023). The use of Powtoon-based learning media to improve the reading skills of descriptive text material. Journal of English Education and Literature, 2(1), 122-131.
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Ballan, D. (2023). Grammar and Vocabulary. English Plus Podcast. Retrieved from https://englishpluspodcast.com/understanding-parts-of-speech-nouns-verbs-adjectives adverbs-and-more.
Barcroft, J. (2015). Vocabulary acquisition and CALL. In J. M. Chapelle & S. Sauro (Eds.), The handbook of technology and Second Language Teaching and learning (pp. 140-154). Wiley-Blackwell.
Basöz, T., & Can, D. T. (2016). The effectiveness of computers on vocabulary learning among preschool children: A semiotic approach. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(1), 02.
Boulton, A. (2010). Data-driven learning: Taking the computer out of the equation. Language Learning & Technology, 14(3), 72-93.
Boulton, A., & Cobb, T. (2017). Corpus uses in language learning: A meta-analysis. Language Learning, 67(2), 348-393. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12224
Buchori, A., & Cintang, N. (2018). The Influence of Powtoon-Assisted Group to Group Exchange and Powtoon-Assisted Talking Chips Learning Models in Primary Schools. International journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 7(3), 221-228. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1198645
Brown, H. D., & Abeywickrama, P. (2010). Language assessment: Principles and classroom practices (2nd ed.). Pearson Education.
Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Houghton Mifflin.
Carter, R., & McCarthy, M. (2014). Vocabulary and language teaching. Routledge.
Cellat, S. (2008). Computer-assisted vocabulary learning: A study with Turkish 4th grade EFL learners (Unpublished master's thesis). Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Chen, Y. L., & Su, H. Y. (2010). Personalized intelligent vocabulary learning system. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(8), 5688-5695.
Çinar, İ., & Asım, A. R. I. (2019). The Effects of Quizlet on Secondary School Students’ Vocabulary Learning and Attitudes towards English. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 7(2), 60-73.
Coady, J., & Huckin, T. (1997). Second language vocabulary acquisition: A rationale for pedagogy. Cambridge University Press.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Rand McNally College Publishing Company.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson. (p. 310)
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Enayati, F., & Pourhosein Gilakjani, A. (2020). The impact of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) on improving intermediate EFL Learners’ vocabulary learning. International Journal of Language Education, 96-112.
Fadena, N. (2022) Teacher’s strategy in teaching reading using Powtoon in blended learning. Undergraduate (S1) thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.
García-Carbonell, A., García-Lecumberri, M. L., & Marqués-Pascual, L. (2018). Synchronous computer-mediated communication. In L. Plonsky (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of instructed Second Language Acquisition (pp. 296-314). Routledge.
Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 1(1), 20-20.
Gillett-Swan, J. (2017). The challenges of online learning: Supporting and engaging the isolated learner. Journal of Learning Design, 10, 20-30. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.293
Groot, J. M. (2000). Computer-assisted second language vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning and Technology, 4(1), 60–81.
Goodfellow, R. (1994). A computer-based strategy for foreign-language vocabulary learning (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Open University, UK. Harley, B. (1996). Introduction: Vocabulary learning and teaching in a second language. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 53(1), 3-12.
Heaton, J. B. (1975). Test item difficulty index. Journal of Educational Measurement, 12(4), 283–290.
Hubbard, P. (2008). Computer-assisted language learning: History, issues, and future directions. In
N. C. S. Li (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (Vol. II, pp. 775-792). Routledge.
Hughes, A. (2003). Testing for language teachers (Illustrated, Reprint, Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Hwang, G. J., & Wu, P. H. (2012). Advancements and trends in digital game-based learning research: A review of publications in selected journals from 2001 to 2010. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(1), E6-E10.
I. S. P. Nation. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. Teaching Methods.
I. S. P. Nation. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge University Press.
I. S. P. Nation (2016). Making and using word lists for language learning and testing. John Benjamins
Publishing Company. Applied Linguistics, 39(4), 602–606. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx052 Jullanan, W., & Porkaew, K. (2019).
Kitajima, R. (2001). The effect of instructional conditions on students' vocabulary retention. Foreign Language Annals, 34(5), 470-482.
Krashen, S. (1985). The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. Longman.
Krashen, S. (1989). We acquire vocabulary and spelling by reading: Additional evidence for the input hypothesis. The Modern Language Journal, 73(4), 440-464.
Lee, J. (2000). The cultural context in computer-assisted language learning. The Korean Language in America, 5(2), 111-124.
Lessard-Clouston, M. (2017). Second Language Acquisition Applied to English Language Teaching (ELT development series). In T. S. C. Farrell (Ed.), English Language Teacher Development Series. TESOL International Association.
Levy, M. (2009). Technologies in use for second language learning. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 769-782.
Levy, M., & Stockwell, G. (2006). CALL dimensions: Options and issues in computer-assisted language learning. Routledge.
Levine, A., Ferenz, O., & Reves, T. (2000). EFL academic reading and modern technology: How can we turn our students into independent critical readers? TESL-EJ, 4(4).
Li, H., & Zhang, L. (2022). Adaptation and validation of the vocabulary learning motivation questionnaire for Chinese learners: A construct validation approach. System, 108(1), 102853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102853
Liu, J.-H. (2009). The integration of CALL to vocabulary teaching and learning. US-China Foreign Language, 7(8), 28-34.
Rubin, D. B. (2012). Matched Sampling for Causal Effects. Cambridge University Press.
McCarthy, M., & O'Dell, F. (2017). English Vocabulary in Use: Elementary: Vocabulary Reference and Practice: with Answers and Ebook (3rd ed.). Cambridge University
Meltzer, “The Relationship Between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual learning gains in Physics”, 2002.
Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational Measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13–103). American Council on Education/Macmillan.
Nunan, D. (2015). Teaching English to speakers of other languages: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
Anita Nuraini, dkk “Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Pada Materi Kalor Dan Perpindahannya Pada Siswa Kelas VII” Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, UNESA, (2015), 3.
Pegrum, M. (2016). Mobile learning: Languages, literacies and cultures. Springer. Prastiyo,
Willy, As’ari Djohar, and P Purnawan. 2018. “Development of youtube integrated google classroom-based e-learning media for the light-weight vehicle engineering vocational high school.” Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi 8 (1), pp.53-66. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v8i1.17356.
Pennington, M. C. (1996). Toward a theory of lexical semantics. TESOL Quarterly, 30(2), 235-261.
Sakinah, W. (2021). The effect of using Powtoon application on student’s listening comprehension in narrative text at eleventh grade of MA Nurul Iman Rokan Hulu. Pekanbaru.
Schmitt, N. (2010). Researching Vocabulary: A Vocabulary Research Manual. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230293977
Schmitt, N., & Schmitt, D. (2014). A reassessment of frequency and vocabulary size in L2 vocabulary teaching. Language Teaching, 47(4), 484-503https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000018
Sudwintari, S., Sinar, T. S., Angin, A. P., Setia, E., & Rangkuti, R. (2023). Enhancing student vocabulary through the use of the Powtoon application. VELES: Voices of English Language Education Society, 7(2), 324-337. https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v7i2.21205324
Takoc, A. (2005). A comparison of computer-assisted vocabulary instruction and teacher-led vocabulary instruction (Unpublished Master's thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Wardani, A. (2023). The use of Powtoon media to increase vocabulary mastery at seventh-grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ashri Jember (Undergraduate thesis). UIN KH Achmad Siddiq Jember.
Warschauer, M., & Healey, D. (1998). Computers and language learning: An overview. Language Teaching, 31(2), 57-71.
Warschauer, M., & Sykes, J. M. (2017). Language and literacy in the digital age. Routledge.
Webb, S. (2011). Vocabulary learning in a second language: Person, task, context, and strategies. TESL-EJ, 15(2), 1-12.
Woodard, J. (1998). CALL: A strategic framework for developing interactive multimedia language learning materials. ReCALL, 10(1), 5-18.
Zheng, B., & Warschauer, M. (2017). Epilogue: Second language writing in the age of computer-mediated communication. Journal of Second Language Writing, 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2017.05.014.
Akmalia, R. (2021). Malikussaleh Journal of Mathematics Learning (MJML), 4(2), 105-116.
Aprilianti, P. (2019). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran dengan Menggunakan Powtoon pada Materi Trigonometri Siswa SMK PAB Helvetia T.P 2019/2020 (Skripsi). UMSU, Sumatera Utara.
Arifin, W. M., Ariyani, A., & Faradiba, S. (2023). The use of Powtoon-based learning media to improve the reading skills of descriptive text material. Journal of English Education and Literature, 2(1), 122-131.
Ariyanto, R., Kantun, S., & Sudikin. (2018). "Penggunaan Media Powtoon untuk Meningkatkan Minat dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Kompetensi Dasar Mendeskripsikan Pelaku-Pelaku Ekonomi dalam Sistem Perekonomian Indonesia". Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi, 12(1), 122-127. DOI:https://doi.org/10.19184/jpe.v12i1.7622
Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. S. (2010). Language assessment in practice: Developing language assessments and justifying their use in the real world. Oxford University Press.
Ballan, D. (2023). Grammar and Vocabulary. English Plus Podcast. Retrieved from https://englishpluspodcast.com/understanding-parts-of-speech-nouns-verbs-adjectives adverbs-and-more.
Barcroft, J. (2015). Vocabulary acquisition and CALL. In J. M. Chapelle & S. Sauro (Eds.), The handbook of technology and Second Language Teaching and learning (pp. 140-154). Wiley-Blackwell.
Basöz, T., & Can, D. T. (2016). The effectiveness of computers on vocabulary learning among preschool children: A semiotic approach. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(1), 02.
Boulton, A. (2010). Data-driven learning: Taking the computer out of the equation. Language Learning & Technology, 14(3), 72-93.
Boulton, A., & Cobb, T. (2017). Corpus uses in language learning: A meta-analysis. Language Learning, 67(2), 348-393. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12224
Buchori, A., & Cintang, N. (2018). The Influence of Powtoon-Assisted Group to Group Exchange and Powtoon-Assisted Talking Chips Learning Models in Primary Schools. International journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 7(3), 221-228. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1198645
Brown, H. D., & Abeywickrama, P. (2010). Language assessment: Principles and classroom practices (2nd ed.). Pearson Education.
Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Houghton Mifflin.
Carter, R., & McCarthy, M. (2014). Vocabulary and language teaching. Routledge.
Cellat, S. (2008). Computer-assisted vocabulary learning: A study with Turkish 4th grade EFL learners (Unpublished master's thesis). Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Chen, Y. L., & Su, H. Y. (2010). Personalized intelligent vocabulary learning system. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(8), 5688-5695.
Çinar, İ., & Asım, A. R. I. (2019). The Effects of Quizlet on Secondary School Students’ Vocabulary Learning and Attitudes towards English. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 7(2), 60-73.
Coady, J., & Huckin, T. (1997). Second language vocabulary acquisition: A rationale for pedagogy. Cambridge University Press.
Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation: Design & Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Rand McNally College Publishing Company.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson. (p. 310)
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.
Enayati, F., & Pourhosein Gilakjani, A. (2020). The impact of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) on improving intermediate EFL Learners’ vocabulary learning. International Journal of Language Education, 96-112.
Fadena, N. (2022) Teacher’s strategy in teaching reading using Powtoon in blended learning. Undergraduate (S1) thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang.
García-Carbonell, A., García-Lecumberri, M. L., & Marqués-Pascual, L. (2018). Synchronous computer-mediated communication. In L. Plonsky (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of instructed Second Language Acquisition (pp. 296-314). Routledge.
Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 1(1), 20-20.
Gillett-Swan, J. (2017). The challenges of online learning: Supporting and engaging the isolated learner. Journal of Learning Design, 10, 20-30. https://doi.org/10.5204/jld.v9i3.293
Groot, J. M. (2000). Computer-assisted second language vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning and Technology, 4(1), 60–81.
Goodfellow, R. (1994). A computer-based strategy for foreign-language vocabulary learning (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Open University, UK. Harley, B. (1996). Introduction: Vocabulary learning and teaching in a second language. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 53(1), 3-12.
Heaton, J. B. (1975). Test item difficulty index. Journal of Educational Measurement, 12(4), 283–290.
Hubbard, P. (2008). Computer-assisted language learning: History, issues, and future directions. In
N. C. S. Li (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (Vol. II, pp. 775-792). Routledge.
Hughes, A. (2003). Testing for language teachers (Illustrated, Reprint, Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Hwang, G. J., & Wu, P. H. (2012). Advancements and trends in digital game-based learning research: A review of publications in selected journals from 2001 to 2010. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(1), E6-E10.
I. S. P. Nation. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. Teaching Methods.
I. S. P. Nation. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge University Press.
I. S. P. Nation (2016). Making and using word lists for language learning and testing. John Benjamins
Publishing Company. Applied Linguistics, 39(4), 602–606. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amx052 Jullanan, W., & Porkaew, K. (2019).
Kitajima, R. (2001). The effect of instructional conditions on students' vocabulary retention. Foreign Language Annals, 34(5), 470-482.
Krashen, S. (1985). The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. Longman.
Krashen, S. (1989). We acquire vocabulary and spelling by reading: Additional evidence for the input hypothesis. The Modern Language Journal, 73(4), 440-464.
Lee, J. (2000). The cultural context in computer-assisted language learning. The Korean Language in America, 5(2), 111-124.
Lessard-Clouston, M. (2017). Second Language Acquisition Applied to English Language Teaching (ELT development series). In T. S. C. Farrell (Ed.), English Language Teacher Development Series. TESOL International Association.
Levy, M. (2009). Technologies in use for second language learning. The Modern Language Journal, 93, 769-782.
Levy, M., & Stockwell, G. (2006). CALL dimensions: Options and issues in computer-assisted language learning. Routledge.
Levine, A., Ferenz, O., & Reves, T. (2000). EFL academic reading and modern technology: How can we turn our students into independent critical readers? TESL-EJ, 4(4).
Li, H., & Zhang, L. (2022). Adaptation and validation of the vocabulary learning motivation questionnaire for Chinese learners: A construct validation approach. System, 108(1), 102853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102853
Liu, J.-H. (2009). The integration of CALL to vocabulary teaching and learning. US-China Foreign Language, 7(8), 28-34.
Rubin, D. B. (2012). Matched Sampling for Causal Effects. Cambridge University Press.
McCarthy, M., & O'Dell, F. (2017). English Vocabulary in Use: Elementary: Vocabulary Reference and Practice: with Answers and Ebook (3rd ed.). Cambridge University
Meltzer, “The Relationship Between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual learning gains in Physics”, 2002.
Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational Measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13–103). American Council on Education/Macmillan.
Nunan, D. (2015). Teaching English to speakers of other languages: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
Anita Nuraini, dkk “Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Pada Materi Kalor Dan Perpindahannya Pada Siswa Kelas VII” Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, UNESA, (2015), 3.
Pegrum, M. (2016). Mobile learning: Languages, literacies and cultures. Springer. Prastiyo,
Willy, As’ari Djohar, and P Purnawan. 2018. “Development of youtube integrated google classroom-based e-learning media for the light-weight vehicle engineering vocational high school.” Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi 8 (1), pp.53-66. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v8i1.17356.
Pennington, M. C. (1996). Toward a theory of lexical semantics. TESOL Quarterly, 30(2), 235-261.
Sakinah, W. (2021). The effect of using Powtoon application on student’s listening comprehension in narrative text at eleventh grade of MA Nurul Iman Rokan Hulu. Pekanbaru.
Schmitt, N. (2010). Researching Vocabulary: A Vocabulary Research Manual. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230293977
Schmitt, N., & Schmitt, D. (2014). A reassessment of frequency and vocabulary size in L2 vocabulary teaching. Language Teaching, 47(4), 484-503https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444812000018
Sudwintari, S., Sinar, T. S., Angin, A. P., Setia, E., & Rangkuti, R. (2023). Enhancing student vocabulary through the use of the Powtoon application. VELES: Voices of English Language Education Society, 7(2), 324-337. https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v7i2.21205324
Takoc, A. (2005). A comparison of computer-assisted vocabulary instruction and teacher-led vocabulary instruction (Unpublished Master's thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Wardani, A. (2023). The use of Powtoon media to increase vocabulary mastery at seventh-grade students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Ashri Jember (Undergraduate thesis). UIN KH Achmad Siddiq Jember.
Warschauer, M., & Healey, D. (1998). Computers and language learning: An overview. Language Teaching, 31(2), 57-71.
Warschauer, M., & Sykes, J. M. (2017). Language and literacy in the digital age. Routledge.
Webb, S. (2011). Vocabulary learning in a second language: Person, task, context, and strategies. TESL-EJ, 15(2), 1-12.
Woodard, J. (1998). CALL: A strategic framework for developing interactive multimedia language learning materials. ReCALL, 10(1), 5-18.
Zheng, B., & Warschauer, M. (2017). Epilogue: Second language writing in the age of computer-mediated communication. Journal of Second Language Writing, 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2017.05.014.