Dampak Polusi Udara terhadap Kesehatan dan Kesiapan Pertahanan Negara di Provinsi DKI Jakarta
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Jan 3, 2024
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Abstract
Air pollution in DKI Jakarta Province has reached alarming levels, threatening the health and quality of life of millions of residents and damaging the integrity of national defense preparedness. As the capital and center of Indonesian government, Jakarta plays an important role in the country's defense and security structure. This research was conducted to understand and evaluate the complex impacts of air pollution, which relate not only to public health but also to defense readiness. Through empirical data analysis, interviews with stakeholders, and the application of geospatial intelligence from satellite imagery, this research found various variables that correlate between air pollution, public health, and defense readiness. One of the main findings is that high levels of air pollution have a significant impact on public health conditions, which in turn can disrupt the country's defense readiness. Therefore, these results demonstrate the need for comprehensive and coordinated mitigation actions between various parties, including the provincial government, central government, and the military. These policies and actions should focus on protecting public health, preserving critical military infrastructure, and preparing the country to face additional challenges that may arise, such as climate change. In an increasingly interconnected and complex global context, this research highlights the urgency for a more holistic approach to addressing the problem of air pollution and its multifaceted impacts
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Anandari, A. A., Wadjdi, A. F., & Harsono, G. (2024). Dampak Polusi Udara terhadap Kesehatan dan Kesiapan Pertahanan Negara di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Journal on Education, 6(2), 10868-10884. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.4880
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References
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Gold, D. R., & Samet, J. M. (2013). Air pollution, climate, and heart disease. Circulation, 128(21), 411–414. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003988
Grzywa-Celińska, A., Krusiński, A., & Milanowski, J. (2020). ‘Smoging kills’ – Effects of air pollution on human respiratory system. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 27(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/110477
Gunawan, H., Bressers, H., Megantara, E. N., Kurnani, T. B. A., Hoppe, T., Mohlakoana, N., & Parikesit. (2019). A governance of climate change mitigation in transport sector and selected co-benefits in Indonesia: The case of Bandung City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 306(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/306/1/012015
Hourani, L. L., Williams, T. V., & Kress, A. M. (2006). Stress, mental health, and job performance among active duty military personnel: Findings from the 2002 department of defense health-related behaviors survey. Military Medicine, 171(9), 849–856. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED.171.9.849
Huibin, D., Yaqian, G., Zhongguo, L., Yueming, Q., & Xiao, X. (2021). Effects of the joint prevention and control of atmospheric pollution policy on air pollutants-A quantitative analysis of Chinese policy texts. Journal of Environmental Management, 300, 113721. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113721
Hunter, P. (2020). The health toll of air pollution. EMBO Reports, 21(8), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202051183
Isiksal, A. Z. (2021). Testing the effect of sustainable energy and military expenses on environmental degradation: evidence from the states with the highest military expenses. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 20487–20498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11735-7
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Jiang, X. Q., Mei, X. D., & Feng, D. (2016). Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: What should people know and do? Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(1), E31–E40. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.50
Mahajan, M., Kumar, S., Pant, B., Tiwari, U. K., & Khan, R. (2021). Feature selection and analysis in air quality data. Proceedings of the Confluence 2021: 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science and Engineering, 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1109/Confluence51648.2021.9376882
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Massimo, L. (2016). Ambient Air Pollution and Hypertension: A Relationship that Strikes Around the Clock. Archives of Clinical Hypertension, 2, 028–029. https://doi.org/10.17352/ach.000009
Maulana, M., Kurniawan, S., Lesmini, L., & Suryobuwono, A. A. (2020). the Effects of Land Transportation and Logistics Policies in New Normal Against Food Availability. Advance in Transportation and Logistic Research, 188–194. https://proceedings.itltrisakti.ac.id/index.php/ATLR/article/view/264
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Muradi, M. (2017). The Soldiers Welfare: The Military Keynesianism Perspective for The Indonesian Armed Forces’s Professionalism. Asian Social Science, 13(11), 152. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n11p152
Oudin, A., Forsberg, B., & Jakobsson, K. (2012). Air pollution and stroke. Epidemiology, 23(3), 505–506. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824ea667
Péter, S., Tibor, N., Viktória, Kovács, K., Norbert, Z., Chung, C., & Zoltán, M. (2018). Potentially Toxic Metal-Bearing Phases in Urban Dust and Suspended Particulate Matter. The Case of Budapest.
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Reena, B., Cecile, S., Rose, Gregory, P., Downey, Brian, J., Day, & Hong, Wei, C. (2021). Role of Particulate Matter from Afghanistan and Iraq in Deployment-Related Lung Disease. Chemical Research in Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.CHEMRESTOX.1C00090
Schraufnagel, D. E., Balmes, J. R., Cowl, C. T., De Matteis, S., Jung, S. H., Mortimer, K., Perez-Padilla, R., Rice, M. B., Riojas-Rodriguez, H., Sood, A., Thurston, G. D., To, T., Vanker, A., & Wuebbles, D. J. (2019). Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, Part 1: The Damaging Effects of Air Pollution. Chest, 155(2), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
Schwab, J. H., Williams, A. L., Birnbaum, M. L., Emberts, Z. T., Padjen, P. D., Bhattacharya, A., & Olson, S. K. (2011). (A153) Analysis of Chest Compressions: Measured Using the Quality Compression Index and Performance Disparities among Demographic Characteristics. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 26(S1), s43–s44. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001518
Sivarethinamohan, R., Sujatha, S., Priya, S., Sankaran, Gafoor, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact of air pollution in health and socio-economic aspects: Review on future approach. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37(Part 2), 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.540
Stacey, M. J., Hill, N., & Woods, D. (2018). Physiological monitoring for healthy military personnel. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 164(4), 290–292. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000851
Tan Hoi, H. (2020). Effects of Air Pollution and Measures to Improve City Community’s Health. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 581(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/581/1/012031
Tilford, S. (2017). Air pollution–are we doing enough? International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 55(4), 229–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2017.1333671
Torjesen, I. (2015). Even low levels of air pollution are linked to more deaths in over 65s, study finds. BMJ (Online), 350(June), 3043. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3043
Zorzos, A., Alexiadis, A., & Zacharopoulos, S. (2019). Air Pollution: Sources and Global Statistics. Open Schools Journal for Open Science, 1(3), 46. https://doi.org/10.12681/osj.19576
Zulfikri, A. (2023). Effects of Pollution and Transportation on Public Health in Jakarta. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(03), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i03.51
Agustian, D., Rachmi, C. N., Indraswari, N., Molter, A., Carder, M., Rinawan, F. R., van Tongeren, M., & Driejana, D. (2020). Feasibility of indonesia family life survey wave 5 (Ifls5) data for air pollution exposure–response study in indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249508
Bhat, T. H., Jiawen, G., & Farzaneh, H. (2021). Air pollution health risk assessment (Ap-hra), principles and applications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041935
Carlsten, C., Salvi, S., Wong, G. W. K., & Chung, K. F. (2020). Personal strategies to minimise effects of air pollution on respiratory health: Advice for providers, patients and the public. European Respiratory Journal, 55(6). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02056-2019
Cheng, Y.-L., Lee, C.-Y., Huang, Y.-L., Buckner, C. A., Lafrenie, R. M., Dénommée, J. A., Caswell, J. M., Want, D. A., Gan, G. G., Leong, Y. C., Bee, P. C., Chin, E., Teh, A. K. H., Picco, S., Villegas, L., Tonelli, F., Merlo, M., Rigau, J., Diaz, D., … Mathijssen, R. H. J. (2016). We are IntechOpen , the world ’ s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists , for scientists TOP 1 %. Intech, 11(tourism), 13. https://www.intechopen.com/books/advanced-biometric-technologies/liveness-detection-in-biometrics
Deni, J. R. N. R. E. S. in the 2010s and I. for the U. S. M. (2015). New Realities: Energy Security in the 2010s and Implications for the U.S. Military. In Computer Graphics World (Vol. 26, Issue 12). https://publications.armywarcollege.edu/pubs/2313.pdf
Douglass, J. A. (2020). How can air quality affect health? Internal Medicine Journal, 50(11), 1403–1404. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.15050
Duan, R. R., Hao, K., & Yang, T. (2020). Air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine, 6(4), 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.05.004
Dwi, H., Saputri, A., Raja, M., Tan, R., & Shin, W. (2018). Future Challanges in Transforming Jakarta as One of The Best Green House City in Asean Region. Global Research on Suitable Transport & Logistics, 1269–1277.
Errigo, I. M., Abbott, B. W., Mendoza, D. L., Mitchell, L., Sayedi, S. S., Glenn, J., Kelly, K. E., Beard, J. D., Bratsman, S., Carter, T., Chaney, R. A., Follett, A., Freeman, A., Frei, R. J., Greenhalgh, M., Holmes, H. A., Howe, P. D., Johnston, J. D., Lange, L., … Wilson, D. (2020). Human health and economic costs of air pollution in utah: An expert assessment. Atmosphere, 11(11), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111238
Gallagher, C. L., & Holloway, T. (2020). Integrating Air Quality and Public Health Benefits in U.S. Decarbonization Strategies. Frontiers in Public Health, 8(November), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.563358
Garnett, E., Green, J., Chalabi, Z., & Wilkinson, P. (2019). Materialising links between air pollution and health: How societal impact was achieved in an interdisciplinary project. Health (United Kingdom), 23(2), 234–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459318804590
Gautam, D., & B. Bolia, N. (2020). Air pollution: impact and interventions. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health, 13(2), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-019-00784-8
Ghosh, N., Sherali, N., Hiranuma, N., Banerjee, P., Sherali, S., Romero, R., Rogers, J., Bennert, J., Vitale, J., Saadeh, C., & Revanna, C. (2018). Air Pollution With 2.5 Micron Particulate Matters and Testing the Decay of the Aerosol Concentration as a Function of Time to Compare the Efficiency of AHPCO® and Bi-Polar Units in Reducing the Indoor Particle Counts. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 14(6), 26. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n6p26
Gold, D. R., & Samet, J. M. (2013). Air pollution, climate, and heart disease. Circulation, 128(21), 411–414. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003988
Grzywa-Celińska, A., Krusiński, A., & Milanowski, J. (2020). ‘Smoging kills’ – Effects of air pollution on human respiratory system. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 27(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/110477
Gunawan, H., Bressers, H., Megantara, E. N., Kurnani, T. B. A., Hoppe, T., Mohlakoana, N., & Parikesit. (2019). A governance of climate change mitigation in transport sector and selected co-benefits in Indonesia: The case of Bandung City. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 306(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/306/1/012015
Hourani, L. L., Williams, T. V., & Kress, A. M. (2006). Stress, mental health, and job performance among active duty military personnel: Findings from the 2002 department of defense health-related behaviors survey. Military Medicine, 171(9), 849–856. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED.171.9.849
Huibin, D., Yaqian, G., Zhongguo, L., Yueming, Q., & Xiao, X. (2021). Effects of the joint prevention and control of atmospheric pollution policy on air pollutants-A quantitative analysis of Chinese policy texts. Journal of Environmental Management, 300, 113721. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.113721
Hunter, P. (2020). The health toll of air pollution. EMBO Reports, 21(8), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.202051183
Isiksal, A. Z. (2021). Testing the effect of sustainable energy and military expenses on environmental degradation: evidence from the states with the highest military expenses. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 20487–20498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11735-7
Ivanova, V. R. (2020). the Anthropogenic Air Pollution and Human Health. Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 26(2), 3057–3062. https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2020262.3057
Jiang, X. Q., Mei, X. D., & Feng, D. (2016). Air pollution and chronic airway diseases: What should people know and do? Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8(1), E31–E40. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.11.50
Mahajan, M., Kumar, S., Pant, B., Tiwari, U. K., & Khan, R. (2021). Feature selection and analysis in air quality data. Proceedings of the Confluence 2021: 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science and Engineering, 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1109/Confluence51648.2021.9376882
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014
Massimo, L. (2016). Ambient Air Pollution and Hypertension: A Relationship that Strikes Around the Clock. Archives of Clinical Hypertension, 2, 028–029. https://doi.org/10.17352/ach.000009
Maulana, M., Kurniawan, S., Lesmini, L., & Suryobuwono, A. A. (2020). the Effects of Land Transportation and Logistics Policies in New Normal Against Food Availability. Advance in Transportation and Logistic Research, 188–194. https://proceedings.itltrisakti.ac.id/index.php/ATLR/article/view/264
Muksinin, L. (2020). Sishankamrata in the Indonesian State Defense and Security System from the Beginning of Independence to the Reform Period. Walisongo Law Review (Walrev), 2(2), 115. https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2020.2.2.6587
Muradi, M. (2017). The Soldiers Welfare: The Military Keynesianism Perspective for The Indonesian Armed Forces’s Professionalism. Asian Social Science, 13(11), 152. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n11p152
Oudin, A., Forsberg, B., & Jakobsson, K. (2012). Air pollution and stroke. Epidemiology, 23(3), 505–506. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824ea667
Péter, S., Tibor, N., Viktória, Kovács, K., Norbert, Z., Chung, C., & Zoltán, M. (2018). Potentially Toxic Metal-Bearing Phases in Urban Dust and Suspended Particulate Matter. The Case of Budapest.
Pitt, S., & Mudway, I. (2020). The Solution to Pollution: Is it Technological? [Opinion]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 39(3), 30-35+99. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2020.3012321
Rahardjo, H. A., & Prihanton, M. (2020). The most critical issues and challenges of fire safety for building sustainability in Jakarta. Journal of Building Engineering, 29(January), 101133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101133
Reena, B., Cecile, S., Rose, Gregory, P., Downey, Brian, J., Day, & Hong, Wei, C. (2021). Role of Particulate Matter from Afghanistan and Iraq in Deployment-Related Lung Disease. Chemical Research in Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.CHEMRESTOX.1C00090
Schraufnagel, D. E., Balmes, J. R., Cowl, C. T., De Matteis, S., Jung, S. H., Mortimer, K., Perez-Padilla, R., Rice, M. B., Riojas-Rodriguez, H., Sood, A., Thurston, G. D., To, T., Vanker, A., & Wuebbles, D. J. (2019). Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies’ Environmental Committee, Part 1: The Damaging Effects of Air Pollution. Chest, 155(2), 409–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.042
Schwab, J. H., Williams, A. L., Birnbaum, M. L., Emberts, Z. T., Padjen, P. D., Bhattacharya, A., & Olson, S. K. (2011). (A153) Analysis of Chest Compressions: Measured Using the Quality Compression Index and Performance Disparities among Demographic Characteristics. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 26(S1), s43–s44. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11001518
Sivarethinamohan, R., Sujatha, S., Priya, S., Sankaran, Gafoor, A., & Rahman, Z. (2020). Impact of air pollution in health and socio-economic aspects: Review on future approach. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37(Part 2), 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.540
Stacey, M. J., Hill, N., & Woods, D. (2018). Physiological monitoring for healthy military personnel. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 164(4), 290–292. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000851
Tan Hoi, H. (2020). Effects of Air Pollution and Measures to Improve City Community’s Health. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 581(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/581/1/012031
Tilford, S. (2017). Air pollution–are we doing enough? International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 55(4), 229–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2017.1333671
Torjesen, I. (2015). Even low levels of air pollution are linked to more deaths in over 65s, study finds. BMJ (Online), 350(June), 3043. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3043
Zorzos, A., Alexiadis, A., & Zacharopoulos, S. (2019). Air Pollution: Sources and Global Statistics. Open Schools Journal for Open Science, 1(3), 46. https://doi.org/10.12681/osj.19576
Zulfikri, A. (2023). Effects of Pollution and Transportation on Public Health in Jakarta. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(03), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i03.51