Analysing the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education, Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Performance
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Mar 7, 2023
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Abstract
Entrepreneurship education has been proven to improve knowledge, competencies, attitudes, and most importantly, self-efficacy. An entrepreneur's self-efficacy is allegedly able to create superior entrepreneurial performance. This study is designed to examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education in terms of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial performance. This research is qualitative in nature. Data analysis entails listening to and documenting relevant information, then summarizing and drawing conclusions based on the results. The relationship between entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy is interrelated. These two dimensions are important capital in creating good entrepreneurial performance, which is certainly the performance expected by many parties, especially those who do it. Entrepreneurship education is indeed a knowledge base that individuals must have before stepping into a real entrepreneurial career. Without business knowledge, individuals will be overwhelmed when faced with various business problems as entrepreneurs. It is hoped that the findings of this research will serve as a point of reference for future conversations on related subjects. In addition, it can be a formal discussion material in higher education, especially entrepreneurship, management, and business administration study programmes.
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Raharjo, I., Ausat, A., Risdwiyanto, A., Gadzali, S., & Azzaakiyyah, H. (2023). Analysing the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education, Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Performance. Journal on Education, 5(4), 11566- 11574. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2106
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References
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Ausat, A. M. A., & Suherlan, S. (2021). Obstacles and Solutions of MSMEs in Electronic Commerce during Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia. BASKARA: Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.54268/BASKARA.4.1.11-19
Azzaakiyyah, H. K. (2023). An Entrepreneur’s Character from Professor Musa Asy’arie’s Perspective. Apollo - Journal of Tourism and Business, 1(1), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.58905/apollo.v1i1.7
Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Meta–Analytic Review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
Barakat, S., Boddington, M., & Vyakarnam, S. (2014). Measuring entrepreneurial self-efficacy to understand the impact of creative activities for learning innovation. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.05.007
BarNir, A., Watson, W. E., & Hutchins, H. M. (2011). Mediation and Moderated Mediation in the Relationship Among Role Models, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Career Intention, and Gender. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2), 270–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00713.x
Chang, S.-H., Shu, Y., Wang, C.-L., Chen, M.-Y., & Ho, W.-S. (2020). Cyber-entrepreneurship as an innovative orientation: Does positive thinking moderate the relationship between cyber-entrepreneurial self-efficacy and cyber-entrepreneurial intentions in Non-IT students? Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 105975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.039
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
Dharmanegara, I. B. A., Rahmayanti, P. L. D., & Yasa, N. N. K. (2022). The Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy in Mediating the Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Financial Support on Entrepreneurial Behavior. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 6(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v6i2.46719
Diandra, D., & Azmy, A. (2021). How Multidimensional Approach of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Effect Firm Performance: A Critical Review. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 12(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.18196/mabis.v12i1.9743
Diawati, P., Ausat, A. M. A., & Augustin, J. (2023). Creativity: How to Develop an Entrepreneurial Attitude of Creativity. Journal on Education, 5(4), 11116–11122. https://jonedu.org/index.php/joe/article/view/2036
Drnovšek, M., Wincent, J., & Cardon, M. S. (2010). Entrepreneurial self‐efficacy and business start‐up: developing a multi‐dimensional definition. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(4), 329–348. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011054516
Dwi Lestari, E., Rizkalla, N., & Purnamaningsih, P. (2022). The Effect of Perceived University Support, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Proactive Personality in Promoting Student Entrepreneurial Intention in Indonesia. Journal of Management and Business Education, 5(2), 169–197. https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2022.0011
Fayolle, A., & Klandt, H. (2006). Issues and Newness in the Field of Entrepreneurship Education: New Lenses for New Practical and Academic Questions. In International Entrepreneurship Education (1st ed., p. 1). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847201652.00006
Gadzali, S. S., Harahap, M. A. K., Tarigan, I. M., Nasution, A. A., & Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). Women’s Entrepreneurship: An Examination of Government Support and the Role of Knowledge Skills. Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(1), 713–717. https://doi.org/10.31004/cdj.v4i1.12464
Hopp, C., & Stephan, U. (2012). The influence of socio-cultural environments on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs: Community culture, motivation, self-efficacy and start-up success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(9–10), 917–945. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2012.742326
Komarraju, M., & Nadler, D. (2013). Self-efficacy and academic achievement: Why do implicit beliefs, goals, and effort regulation matter? Learning and Individual Differences, 25, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.01.005
Lackéus, M. (2014). An emotion based approach to assessing entrepreneurial education. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 374–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.06.005
Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z
Liu, M., Gorgievski, M. J., Zwaga, J., & Paas, F. (2023). How entrepreneurship program characteristics foster students’ study engagement and entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal study. Learning and Individual Differences, 101(102249), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102249
Liu, X., Lin, C., Zhao, G., & Zhao, D. (2019). Research on the Effects of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00869
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur’s business model: toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 726–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.11.001
Mutar, Q. M., Mohammad, H. M., & Hmmud, S. H. (2020). Academic Achievement and Its Relation with Self-Efficacy and Academic Adjustment in EFL Class. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(5), 1–13.
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012
Oyugi, J. L. (2015). The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 11(2), 31–56. https://doi.org/10.7341/20151122
Rembulan, G. D., Tannady, H., al Haddar, G., Ausat, A. M. A., & Pratiwi, E. Y. R. (2023). Entrepreneurs Preference in Choosing Payment Method. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 415–423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47668/pkwu.v11i2.743
Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S. Y., Yani-De-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M. (2015). The Role of Perceived University Support in the Formation of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1127–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12090
Shi, Y., Yuan, T., Bell, R., & Wang, J. (2020). Investigating the Relationship Between Creativity and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of Creativity in the Theory of Planned Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(May), 1209. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.01209/BIBTEX
Tumasjan, A., & Braun, R. (2012). In the eye of the beholder: How regulatory focus and self-efficacy interact in influencing opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(6), 622–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.08.001
Tunio, M. N., Jariko, M. A., Børsen, T., Shaikh, S., Mushtaque, T., & Brahmi, M. (2021). How Entrepreneurship Sustains Barriers in the Entrepreneurial Process—A Lesson from a Developing Nation. Sustainability, 13(20), 11419. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011419
Walter, S. G., & Block, J. H. (2016). Outcomes of entrepreneurship education: An institutional perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(2), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.10.003
Walter, S. G., Parboteeah, K. P., & Walter, A. (2013). University Departments and Self–Employment Intentions of Business Students: A Cross–Level Analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), 175–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00460.x
Wang, Y.-S., Tseng, T. H., Wang, Y.-M., & Chu, C.-W. (2019). Development and validation of an internet entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale. Internet Research, 30(2), 653–675. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-07-2018-0294
Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management. The Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 361. https://doi.org/10.2307/258173
Yeh, C.-H., Lin, H.-H., Wang, Y.-M., Wang, Y.-S., & Lo, C.-W. (2021). Investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial education and self-efficacy and performance in the context of internet entrepreneurship. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100565
Zen, A., Kusumastuti, R., Metris, D., Gadzali, S. S., & Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). Implications of Entrepreneurship Education as a Field of Study for Advancing Research and Practice. Journal on Education, 5(4), 11441–11453. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2091
Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.259
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ausat, A. M. A., & Suherlan, S. (2021). Obstacles and Solutions of MSMEs in Electronic Commerce during Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia. BASKARA: Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.54268/BASKARA.4.1.11-19
Azzaakiyyah, H. K. (2023). An Entrepreneur’s Character from Professor Musa Asy’arie’s Perspective. Apollo - Journal of Tourism and Business, 1(1), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.58905/apollo.v1i1.7
Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Meta–Analytic Review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12095
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122
Barakat, S., Boddington, M., & Vyakarnam, S. (2014). Measuring entrepreneurial self-efficacy to understand the impact of creative activities for learning innovation. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.05.007
BarNir, A., Watson, W. E., & Hutchins, H. M. (2011). Mediation and Moderated Mediation in the Relationship Among Role Models, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Career Intention, and Gender. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2), 270–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00713.x
Chang, S.-H., Shu, Y., Wang, C.-L., Chen, M.-Y., & Ho, W.-S. (2020). Cyber-entrepreneurship as an innovative orientation: Does positive thinking moderate the relationship between cyber-entrepreneurial self-efficacy and cyber-entrepreneurial intentions in Non-IT students? Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 105975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.039
Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 295–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(97)00029-3
Dharmanegara, I. B. A., Rahmayanti, P. L. D., & Yasa, N. N. K. (2022). The Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy in Mediating the Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Financial Support on Entrepreneurial Behavior. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 6(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v6i2.46719
Diandra, D., & Azmy, A. (2021). How Multidimensional Approach of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) Effect Firm Performance: A Critical Review. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 12(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.18196/mabis.v12i1.9743
Diawati, P., Ausat, A. M. A., & Augustin, J. (2023). Creativity: How to Develop an Entrepreneurial Attitude of Creativity. Journal on Education, 5(4), 11116–11122. https://jonedu.org/index.php/joe/article/view/2036
Drnovšek, M., Wincent, J., & Cardon, M. S. (2010). Entrepreneurial self‐efficacy and business start‐up: developing a multi‐dimensional definition. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(4), 329–348. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011054516
Dwi Lestari, E., Rizkalla, N., & Purnamaningsih, P. (2022). The Effect of Perceived University Support, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Proactive Personality in Promoting Student Entrepreneurial Intention in Indonesia. Journal of Management and Business Education, 5(2), 169–197. https://doi.org/10.35564/jmbe.2022.0011
Fayolle, A., & Klandt, H. (2006). Issues and Newness in the Field of Entrepreneurship Education: New Lenses for New Practical and Academic Questions. In International Entrepreneurship Education (1st ed., p. 1). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781847201652.00006
Gadzali, S. S., Harahap, M. A. K., Tarigan, I. M., Nasution, A. A., & Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). Women’s Entrepreneurship: An Examination of Government Support and the Role of Knowledge Skills. Community Development Journal: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(1), 713–717. https://doi.org/10.31004/cdj.v4i1.12464
Hopp, C., & Stephan, U. (2012). The influence of socio-cultural environments on the performance of nascent entrepreneurs: Community culture, motivation, self-efficacy and start-up success. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(9–10), 917–945. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2012.742326
Komarraju, M., & Nadler, D. (2013). Self-efficacy and academic achievement: Why do implicit beliefs, goals, and effort regulation matter? Learning and Individual Differences, 25, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2013.01.005
Lackéus, M. (2014). An emotion based approach to assessing entrepreneurial education. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 374–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2014.06.005
Liñán, F., Rodríguez-Cohard, J. C., & Rueda-Cantuche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for education. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 7(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-010-0154-z
Liu, M., Gorgievski, M. J., Zwaga, J., & Paas, F. (2023). How entrepreneurship program characteristics foster students’ study engagement and entrepreneurial career intentions: A longitudinal study. Learning and Individual Differences, 101(102249), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102249
Liu, X., Lin, C., Zhao, G., & Zhao, D. (2019). Research on the Effects of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00869
Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. (2005). The entrepreneur’s business model: toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58(6), 726–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.11.001
Mutar, Q. M., Mohammad, H. M., & Hmmud, S. H. (2020). Academic Achievement and Its Relation with Self-Efficacy and Academic Adjustment in EFL Class. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(5), 1–13.
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110, 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012
Oyugi, J. L. (2015). The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy on the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 11(2), 31–56. https://doi.org/10.7341/20151122
Rembulan, G. D., Tannady, H., al Haddar, G., Ausat, A. M. A., & Pratiwi, E. Y. R. (2023). Entrepreneurs Preference in Choosing Payment Method. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kewirausahaan, 11(2), 415–423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47668/pkwu.v11i2.743
Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S. Y., Yani-De-Soriano, M., & Muffatto, M. (2015). The Role of Perceived University Support in the Formation of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1127–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12090
Shi, Y., Yuan, T., Bell, R., & Wang, J. (2020). Investigating the Relationship Between Creativity and Entrepreneurial Intention: The Moderating Role of Creativity in the Theory of Planned Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(May), 1209. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.01209/BIBTEX
Tumasjan, A., & Braun, R. (2012). In the eye of the beholder: How regulatory focus and self-efficacy interact in influencing opportunity recognition. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(6), 622–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2011.08.001
Tunio, M. N., Jariko, M. A., Børsen, T., Shaikh, S., Mushtaque, T., & Brahmi, M. (2021). How Entrepreneurship Sustains Barriers in the Entrepreneurial Process—A Lesson from a Developing Nation. Sustainability, 13(20), 11419. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011419
Walter, S. G., & Block, J. H. (2016). Outcomes of entrepreneurship education: An institutional perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(2), 216–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.10.003
Walter, S. G., Parboteeah, K. P., & Walter, A. (2013). University Departments and Self–Employment Intentions of Business Students: A Cross–Level Analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), 175–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00460.x
Wang, Y.-S., Tseng, T. H., Wang, Y.-M., & Chu, C.-W. (2019). Development and validation of an internet entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale. Internet Research, 30(2), 653–675. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-07-2018-0294
Wood, R., & Bandura, A. (1989). Social Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management. The Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 361. https://doi.org/10.2307/258173
Yeh, C.-H., Lin, H.-H., Wang, Y.-M., Wang, Y.-S., & Lo, C.-W. (2021). Investigating the relationships between entrepreneurial education and self-efficacy and performance in the context of internet entrepreneurship. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100565
Zen, A., Kusumastuti, R., Metris, D., Gadzali, S. S., & Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). Implications of Entrepreneurship Education as a Field of Study for Advancing Research and Practice. Journal on Education, 5(4), 11441–11453. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2091
Zhao, H., & Seibert, S. E. (2006). The Big Five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.2.259