The Effect of Using Smartphones on the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Class X Students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano

This study investigates the impact of smartphone use on mathematics learning outcomes for SMA Negeri 2 Tondano students in grade ten. This investigation employs a survey methodology. This investigation was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano during the even semester of the academic year 2022/2023. This study's population consisted of all pupils in class X, which consisted of two classes and 58 students; questionnaires and documentation were used to collect data. The questionnaire provides information regarding Smartphone Use. In contrast, the documentation exposes the mathematics learning outcomes of grade X students from SMA Negeri 2 Tondano during the even semester of the academic year 2022/2023. Simple Linear Regression Analysis will be utilized to test the hypothesis in this investigation. Using the regression equation Y = 40.443 + 0.517X, with Fcount = 15.076 > Ftable = 4.10 and Sig value. = 0.000 alpha = 0.05; and the correlation coefficient value of 0.533, it was determined that there was a positive effect of Smartphone use on the1mathematics Learning1Outcomes of Class X1Students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. Thus, it can be concluded that smartphone use has a 28.4% impact1on the mathematics learning1outcomes of pupils in class X at SMAaNegeri 2 Tondano.


INTRODUCTION
The development of technology is now very rapid in this modern era; technology is increasingly developing and making technology an important part of human life. These technological advances have caused many changes in aspects of human life, including communication (Barakati, 2013;Setiawan, 2018). Communication used to take a long time to deliver; now, with technology, everything is very close and without distance (Marpaung, 2018;Domu et al., 2023).
The smartphone is one of the communication technologies that help humans to get information quickly. In addition to helping find information, Smartphones also function to generate information, so with1the development of communication1technology, the use of smartphones also develops (Nursina, 2016). Smartphones are currently being used by all levels of society, including those within the scope of education (Alpan, 2020). This technological advancement has caused enormous changes in humanity (Wahyudi & Sukmasari, 2018). This change has had a big impact on changes in values that exist in society, especially people with Eastern cultures such as Indonesia (Bernadet et al., 2018;Wahyudi & Sukmasari, 2018). Advances in smartphone and internet technology have not only hit urban communities but can also be enjoyed by people in villages (Khulogo, 2017;Putra, 2017). As a result, all positive and negative information can be easily accessed by the public (Kurniawan, 2014).
A smartphone is a tool for voice communication or commonly called a mobile phone. Besides receiving calls or short messages, Smartphones are generally equipped with a web for internet or browsing. The existence of smartphones in the pace of globalization of communication1and information technology1has its phenomenon in the world1of education, especially1for students (Nursing, 2016). Its presence offers the sophistication of being able to access all information1across the globe quickly, easily, and cheaply, which can be used as a form of learning pattern to improve performance with various available features, such as an internet access network that provides various kinds of information needed by its users (Panji & Ratnamiasih, 2018).
Based on the results of observations made by researchers, it was found that in the world of education, currently, many students use smartphones. The positive impact of using Smartphones in education is to make it easier for students in the learning process, but in addition to facilitating the learning process, it also has a negative impact that is no less big than the positive impact (Priansa, 2017;Arifuddin et al., 2022). Some use Smartphones to gain knowledge by learning what can be accessed on Smartphones; however, on the other hand, Smartphones also make students lazy and often waste time playing using Smartphones so that students lack concentration in receiving the subject matter, student learning outcomes decrease (Rahma, 2015;Putra & Patmaningrum, 2018).
When the researchers made observations at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano, it was found that most students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano were using smartphones. According to some students, Smartphones make it easier for students to communicate with parents, teachers, and friends. Apart from communicating, students also use smartphones to browse information on the internet quickly and easily. With smartphones, students can find material information delivered by teachers with clear sources so that many students understand better and can repeat the material presented, and students can also access electronic books (Husain, 2014;Yunar & Ana, 2017). However, with the freedom to use smartphones at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano, some students use smartphones for things that are not related to learning, including students using smartphones to play games. In contrast, learning takes place. Some only watch YouTube, Tiktok, and other applications. Other entertainment. Based on data on the math scores of class X students in1the odd semester1of the 2022/2023 academicayear, the math scores obtained by some of these class students have scores below the KKM standard, while the KKMafor Mathematicsaat SMAsNegeri 2 Tondano is 75.

METHOD
In this research, the survey method is utilized. This survey method requires treatment in data collection, such as the distribution of questionnaires, assessments, and so on; it is used to collect data from natural (not artificial) locations. This survey method's treatment differs from that of experiments (Sugiyono, 2013). This investigation will be conducted with class X students at SMA1Negeri 2 Tondano. This investigation will be conducted during the even semester of the academic year 2022-2023. The participants in this research were all class X SMA1Negeri 2 Tondano students. This study's sample consisted of forty pupils from class X at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano. This study utilized (1) Even semester midpoints, i.e., instruments to measure student learning outcomes, and (2) Questionnaires regarding the impact of smartphone use on learning.
This study employs a Likert scale, which is a method for measuring attitudes by expressing approval or disapproval of certain subjects, objects, or incidents using a score between 1 and 5. The accompanying table provides an explanation of the questionnaire grid for each independent variable employed. The questionnaire needs to be tested for validity and reliability before being used. The Y variable is the even semester exam score for the 2020/2021 academic year. The variable in this study is the use of a smartphone as the independent variable and student learning outcomes as the dependent variable, so from this context, this research is a quantitative study. In this study, to obtain data about the effect of using Smartphones in learning on student learning outcomes, a questionnaire was used, namely a list of questions to be filled out by respondents, in this case, students of class X SMA Negeri 2 Tondano-meanwhile, data collection techniques used observation, questionnaires, and documentation.

Testing the Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments
The Smartphone Use Questionnaire that was tested came from (Hasdina Hamid, 2018). The questionnaire totaled 30 statements then modified by the author so that the questionnaire that was 1320 Journal on Education, Volume 06, No. 01, September-Desember 2023, hal. 1317-1325 tested numbered 22 statements. Then this questionnaire was tried out. It tested the Validity and Reliability of the Smartphone Use Questionnaire using SPSS software version 25 with a significance level of 5%.
From the results of the validity test of Smartphone Use from 22 statements, 20 valid and 2 invalid statements were obtained. Then, based on the Smartphone Use questionnaire reliability test results, the Cronbach Alpha value was 0.867. Based on the table of interpretation guidelines for the correlation coefficient, it can be interpreted that the Smartphone Use instrument has a very high level of reliability in the category. Furthermore, of the 20 valid and reliable statements, they are designated as a Research Questionnaire.

Normality Test
The normality test in this study was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test with the help of the SPSS version 25 program. The results of the data normality test can be seen in Table 2 below. The data is normally distributed The basis for decision-making: 1. The significance value is > 0.05, so the data is normal.
2. The significance value is <0.05, so the data is not normal.

Hypothesis:
H0: Residual data is normally distributed H1: Residual data is not normally distributed Decision: Based on Table 2 above, the significance value is 0.200 > 0.05. So that H0 is accepted or the data is normally distributed.

Linearity Test
The linearity test aims to determine whether the relationship between the independent and dependent variables is linear or non-linear.

Simple Linear Regression Analysis
Determine the estimating model for the influence of smartphone use (X) on1student mathematics learning1outcomes at SMA1Negeri 2 Tondano (Y), with the equation: (Y) will also increase by 0.517 units. Furthermore, the statistical hypothesis is formulated as follows: With the criteria for rejecting H 0 (accepting H 1 ) if the value F count F table = ( ) or when Sig.
otherwise cannot reject H0. For hypothesis testing to test the significance of the effect of variable X on variable Y with the help of SPSS 25, the following values are obtained:

Where with
Based on Table 4 above that then it can be decided to reject H 0 , so that there1is an effect of smartphone use on the mathematics learning1outcomes of class X students at SMA1Negeri 2 Tondano.
Based on Table 4 above that value Sig. then it can be decided to reject H0, so that there1is an effect of smartphone use on the mathematics learning1outcomes of class X students at SMA1Negeri 2 Tondano. With the regression1equation obtained from the results of hypothesis testing is ̂ from this equation shows that partially the value of the regression coefficient X, ie which means that the better the students are in using smartphones, the better the students' mathematics learning outcomes will be. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of smartphones has a positive effect on the Mathematics Learning Outcomes of Class X students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano.
Based on the data analysis, the hypothesis test results showed that the use of a smartphone (X) had a positive and significant effect on Student Mathematics Learning Outcomes (Y) 28.4%, and Maros Regency" shows that the use of Smartphones has a positive effect on student learning outcomes.
Based on the results of this study strengthens current research that the use of smartphones influences the learning process, which can make it easier for students to find information about lessons, namely in the form of electronic books, learning resources from the internet, which can also help students communicate with teachers and fellow students to share information related to learning.
This means that the higher the use of Smartphones in learning, the better Student Learning Outcomes will be.

CONCLUSION
Based1on the results of the research1and discussion, it can be2concluded that there is a1positive and significant influence between the use of smartphones on the mathematics learning1outcomes of class X1students at SMA Negeri 2 Tondano in the 2022/2023 academic year with a correlation coefficient of 0.533 and the contribution of smartphone use to student mathematics learning outcomes is 28.4%. Other factors influence the remaining 71.6%.